ABSTRACT
A infecção por Entamoeba histolytica, identificada há mais de 130 anos por Fedor A. Lesh, existe praticamente em todo o mundo e é hoje considerada uma DST - com relação à transmissão é a doença dos cinco efes: finger, feces, flies, fomites e fornication. A epidemiologia da amebíase na cidade do Rio de Janeiro (Brasil), estudada por um de nós (R.M.), parece confirmar o lugar de infecção no rol das doenças sexualmente transmissíveis. Epidemiologia é o estudo da ocorrência de uma doença - estudos epidemiológicos podem influenciar a vida de populações inteiras. O estudo de Framingham (EUA), a investigação de Sharr sobre a doença dos legionários e o trabalho de John Snow sobre a cólera são exemplos clássicos de estudos epidemiológicos que mudaram o comportamento e estilos de vida.
Entamoeba histolytica infection was identified more than 130 years ago, has worldwide occurrence and nowadays is considered a sexually transmitted disease (STD). Regarding transmission is considered as the five Fs disease: finger, feces, flies, fomites and fornication. Rio de Janeiro city amebiasis epidemiology was studied by one of us and seems to confirm its place on STD list. Epidemiology consists on the study of the disease occurrence - epidemiological studies can influence an entire population life. Framinghan (EUA), Legionnaire's disease Sharr investigation and John Snow cholera study are classic examples of epidemiological studies that changed behaviour and lifestyle.
Subject(s)
Male , Female , Amebiasis/diagnosis , Amebiasis/epidemiology , Amebiasis/physiopathology , Amebiasis/transmission , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/transmission , Entamoeba histolytica/pathogenicity , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/transmission , Homosexuality, Male , Protozoan Infections/diagnosis , Protozoan Infections/etiology , Protozoan Infections/transmission , PrevalenceABSTRACT
Os autores procedem a uma revisäo minunciosa do tatamento das helmintíases e protozooses intestinais prevalentes na infância, apresentando os mais recentes avanços no campo do diagnóstico e da terapêutica
Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Infant , Anthelmintics/administration & dosage , Anthelmintics/therapeutic use , Antiprotozoal Agents/administration & dosage , Antiprotozoal Agents/therapeutic use , Helminthiasis/complications , Helminthiasis/etiology , Helminthiasis/drug therapy , Protozoan Infections/complications , Protozoan Infections/etiology , Protozoan Infections/drug therapyABSTRACT
A retrospective study of stool samples of HIV-infected patients from January 1994 to December 1995 submitted to the Department of Tropical Pathology was analyzed. There were twenty-two cases, all of which presented with chronic diarrhea. Result showed that 50% were infected with protozoa. These include Microsporidium (27.27%), Cryptosporidium (9.09%), Isospora belli (4.54%) and Giardia intestinalis cysts (9.09%). Other infections were Candida sp, Strongyloides stercoralis larva and Opisthorchis viverrini ova. The data stress the importance of opportunistic protozoa in the HIV-infected patients. Awareness of their existence of the diseases is important areas with increasing number of HIV-infected patients for early detection and proper treatment.
Subject(s)
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/parasitology , Feces/parasitology , HIV Infections/complications , Humans , Protozoan Infections/etiology , Retrospective Studies , ThailandABSTRACT
The Tritrichomonas suis (Gruby and Delafond) that occur in the nasal cavity of domestic pigs. Sus scrofa, was isolated, described and its prevalence studies in healthy swine of different areas of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The parasite protozoa was found in 2 of 208 cultures of nasal washings, representing a prevalence of 0.96 porcent. The morphology study of the live specimens done by phase contrats microscopy, dark field microscopy and by examination of fresh and stained specimens, showed that the T. suis isolated has the same morphological characteristics as the nasal cavity of trichomonads described by othe authors
Subject(s)
Animals , Nasal Cavity/parasitology , Protozoan Infections , Tritrichomonas/isolation & purification , Brazil , Prevalence , Protozoan Infections/etiology , Rhinitis, Atrophic/etiology , Rhinitis, Atrophic/parasitology , Swine/parasitology , Tritrichomonas/ultrastructureABSTRACT
Very little information on parasitic infection exists in Pakistan, particularly in the Province of Balochistan. An attempt has been made on a faecal survey of different ethnic groups settled in Quetta. A total of 4,147 faecal samples were collected, examined and processed through different methods and techniques for the preservation and observation of parasites ova, cysts and trophozoites. The recorded result showed that 57.99% persons suffered from either protozoan or helminthic infections. Three species of pathogenic and four species of non-pathogenic parasites were observed. Among protozoans, the highest incidence was E. coli 3b. 57, followed by G. lamblie 16.29 and E. histolytica 14.01. Helminthic infection was lower than protozoan and the highest incidence was of H. nora 11.16 followed by A. lumbricoides 6.25, E. vermicularis 2.30, T. saginata 1.25, H. diminuta 0.85, A. duodenale 0.20 and T. trichiura 0.16. Mixed infection among protozoan and helminthic was also observed. Blastocystis hominis with the incidence of 2.33, H. diminuta, T. saginata are reported for the first time from this province during the investigation. Incidence of parasitic infection according to tribes was observed. An attempt was also made to consider the role of age, sex, unhealthy environment and other socie-economic conditions or variations obtained among these incidences
Subject(s)
Humans , Gastrointestinal Diseases , Eukaryota/pathogenicity , Protozoan Infections/etiology , Epidemiologic FactorsABSTRACT
A pesar del notorio avance en el conocimiento de la respuesta inmunológica que se genera contra protozoarios y helmintos parásitos, así como en la clonación molecular de genes que codifican para las proteínas de esos organismos, las cuales resultan potencialmente protectoras, todavía no se ha logrado la producción de vacunas operacionales contra las enfermedades parasitarias humanas más importantes (leishmaniasis, enfermedad de Chagas, toxoplasmosis, filariasis, triquinelosis, esquistosomiasis y cisticercosis). De hecho, no existe una sola vacuna inocua y eficaz de uso corriente que permita la protección específica de los individuos que viven en zonas endémicas. Las vacunas contra parásitos constituyen una imperiosa necesidad de salud pública, ya que constituyen causas muy importantes de morbilidad en prácticamente todos los países en vías de desarrollo. La complejidad molecular y estructural de los parásitos y de su relación con el hospedero ha dificultado la producción de vacunas equivalentes a las que están en uso contra virus y bacterias. En este capítulo se revisan los avances que se han generado en el conocimiento de la inmunología de algunas parasitosis propias de los seres humanos -que por razones obvias se han analizado con mucho más detalle con el uso de modelos animales y en el desarrollo de varios tipos de vacunas, desde vivas hasta moleculares, que también han siodo evaluadas sólo en el nivel experimental. Por último, en este capítulo se incluye una sección que analiza por qué para algunas parasitosis ha sido (y probablemente será) muy difíicil el desarrollo de vacunas para su control, que sean eficaces y de uso común